Chapter 5, Lesson 4 Multimedia
Sucrose


- The ball-and-stick and first space-filling model show that sucrose is a large molecule made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
- Sucrose has many O–H bonds which are polar.
- These polar areas are shown with a + near the hydrogen atom and a − near the oxygen atom.
- The second space-filling model shows two sucrose molecules held together by their opposite polar areas.
- These molecules will separate from each other when sucrose dissolves.
Water Dissolves Sucrose




- Water molecules arrange themselves around the sucrose molecules according to opposite polar areas.
- The attraction of the water molecules and their motion overcome the attraction between sucrose molecules.
- The sucrose molecules dissolve as they are separated from the other molecules and mix into the water.
Sucrose

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- The sucrose molecule has many oxygen-hydrogen (O–H) bonds which are polar.
- The charge-density model shows the positive ares near the hydrogen atom as blue and the negative area near the oxygen atom as red.
- The sugar molecules are attracted and held together in a crystal by these opposite polar areas.
Water Dissolves Sucrose II
- Water molecules arrange themselves around the sucrose molecules according to opposite polar areas.
- The attraction of the water molecules and their motion overcome the attraction between sucrose molecules.
- The sucrose molecules dissolve as they are separated from each other and mix into the water.
Water, Alcohol, and Oil



- The water is polar so it dissolves the polar color and sugar.
- The alcohol has a polar area but a larger non-polar area. It is not a good dissolver of color or sugar.
- The oil is non-polar and does not dissolve the color or sugar.
Citric Acid

- This is a ball-and-stick model of citric acid.
- Citric acid is dissolved in water in oranges, lemons, grapefruit and other citrus fruits.
- Citric acid dissolves very well in water.